Healthcare utilization among older Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing-COVID-19 initiative.

BACKGROUND: As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, understanding its sustained impact on healthcare access and utilization represents a vital task for decision-makers and health systems. This study investigates how three aspects of health care utilization (i.e., consultations for COVID-19 related symptoms, cancelation of previously scheduled care and hospitalisation in the past 30 days) relate to individual and municipal factors in a nationally-representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 and over. METHODS: Data were obtained for 6584 participants from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil in Portuguese) who were administered supplemental telephone interviews between September and October 2020. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis using survey-weighted Poisson regression were applied to evaluate all three outcomes of interest (consultation, care cancelation, and hospitalisation). Predicted probabilities were also calculated to understand the overall effect of relevant covariates. RESULTS: Women were 76% less likely to seek care for COVID-19 symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.24, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.10, 0.53) and 82% more likely to have healthcare cancelled due to the pandemic (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.43, 2.33) than men. Those who live in municipalities with low coverage (<40%) of community-based primary care (the Family Health Strategy) were more likely (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.00, 3.22) to be hospitalised for any reason in the past 30 days and more likely to experience healthcare cancelation (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.02). Living in the Southeast and Midwest regions was associated with 62% and 78%, respectively, lower odds of previously scheduled care being cancelled due to the pandemic, in comparison to the North region (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.67, and OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.36). Living in the Southeast region was associated with over 7.61 higher odds of having sought care for COVID-19-related symptoms, relative to those living in the North (OR = 7.61, 95% CI = 2.16, 26.85). CONCLUSION: Results highlight the uneven impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care utilization between males and females, and across Brazilian municipalities and regions.

Health care seeking due to COVID-19 related symptoms and health care cancellations among older Brazilian adults: the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative.

The continent of the Americas has the greatest number of people infected and deaths associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the world. Brazil occupies the 2nd position in numbers of infected cases and deaths, preceded only by the United States. Older adults and those with pre-existing chronic illnesses are more vulnerable to the consequences of the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has serious consequences for health services. Therefore, an assessment of the pandemic's effect on the older Brazilian population is urgently needed. The study examines the prevalence of COVID-19 related symptoms, care-seeking, and cancellation of surgery or other scheduled medical care among a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 and over derived from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) and a telephone follow-up survey (the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative) between late May and early June 2020. About 10.4% of older adults reported any fever, dry cough or difficulty breathing in the 30 days prior to the interview, with the highest prevalence in the North region (50%). Among individuals with symptoms, only 33.6% sought care. Individuals living in the South or Southeast regions were significantly less likely to seek care for COVID-19 related symptoms. Nearly one in six participants had to cancel scheduled surgery or other medical care; this proportion was higher among women, those with more education, and people with multiple chronic conditions. This paper is among the first to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on health care use in Brazil among older adults. Results highlight the need to adapt health care delivery (such as through telemedicine) to ensure the continuity of care as well as the urgent need for wide dissemination of information to guide the population on disease prevention measures and how to obtain healthcare when needed.

Health care seeking due to COVID-19 related symptoms and health care cancellations among older Brazilian adults: the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative

The continent of the Americas has the greatest number of people infected and deaths associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the world. Brazil occupies the 2nd position in numbers of infected cases and deaths, preceded only by the United States. Older adults and those with pre-existing chronic illnesses are more vulnerable to the consequences of the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has serious consequences for health services. Therefore, an assessment of the pandemic's effect on the older Brazilian population is urgently needed. The study examines the prevalence of COVID-19 related symptoms, care-seeking, and cancellation of surgery or other scheduled medical care among a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 and over derived from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) and a telephone follow-up survey (the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative) between late May and early June 2020. About 10.4% of older adults reported any fever, dry cough or difficulty breathing in the 30 days prior to the interview, with the highest prevalence in the North region (50%). Among individuals with symptoms, only 33.6% sought care. Individuals living in the South or Southeast regions were significantly less likely to seek care for COVID-19 related symptoms. Nearly one in six participants had to cancel scheduled surgery or other medical care;this proportion was higher among women, those with more education, and people with multiple chronic conditions. This paper is among the first to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on health care use in Brazil among older adults. Results highlight the need to adapt health care delivery (such as through telemedicine) to ensure the continuity of care as well as the urgent need for wide dissemination of information to guide the population on disease prevention measures and how to obtain healthcare when needed. El continente de las Américas tiene el mayor número de personas infectadas y muertes asociadas con el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en el mundo. El Brasil ocupa la 2ª posición en número de casos infectados y defunciones, solo precedido por los Estados Unidos. Los adultos mayores y aquellos con enfermedades crónicas preexistentes son más vulnerables a las consecuencias del virus. La epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 tiene graves consecuencias para los servicios de salud. Por lo tanto, se necesita con urgencia una evaluación del efecto de la pandemia en la población brasileña de mayor edad. El estudio examina la prevalencia de COVID-19, sus síntomas asociados, la búsqueda de cuidados, y la cancelación de cirugías -u otros cuidados médicos agendados- en una muestra nacionalmente representativa de brasileños, con una edad de 50 años o más, proveniente del Estudio Brasileño Longitudinal del Envejecimiento (ELSI-Brasil, por sus siglas en portugués), además de una encuesta telefónica de seguimiento (la iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19) entre finales de mayo y principios de junio de 2020. Aproximadamente un 10,4% de los adultos mayores no informaron de tener fiebre, tos seca o dificultad para respirar en los 30 días previos a la entrevista, con la prevalencia más alta en la región Norte (50%). Entre los individuos con síntomas, solamente un 33,6% solicitaron asistencia. Aproximadamente 1 de cada 6 participantes tuvo que cancelar una cirugía agendada u otra intervención médica. Las personas que viven en las regiones Sur o Sudeste tuvieron significativamente menos probabilidad de buscar asistencia médica por síntomas relacionados con la COVID-19. Mujeres, así como los individuos con más educación, y pacientes con múltiples enfermedades crónicas tenían más probabilidades de que se les cancelara la asistencia médica, debido a la pandemia. Este trabajo está entre los primeros en investigar el impacto de la COVID-19 en el uso de los servicios de salud en Brasil entre adultos mayores. Los resultados resaltan la necesidad de adaptar la provisión de asistencia médica, a través de medios como la telemedicina, para superar la denegación de la asistencia necesaria, así como la imperiosa necesidad de un enfoque de salud pública más fuerte para proteger a las personas vulnerables. O continente americano apresenta o maior número de pessoas infectadas e de mortes associadas à síndrome respiratória grave do coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) no mundo. O Brasil ocupa a 2ª posição em números de casos de infectados e de óbitos, antecedido somente pelos Estados Unidos. Adultos mais velhos e aqueles com doenças crônicas preexistentes são mais vulneráveis às consequências da infecção. A epidemia do SARS-CoV-2 tem enormes consequências para os serviços de saúde. Portanto, é urgente avaliar o efeito da pandemia na população idosa brasileira. Nosso objetivo foi examinar a prevalência de sintomas da COVID-19, a busca por atenção em saúde em função destes sintomas, e o cancelamento de cirurgias, ou outros procedimentos previamente agendados, por causa da pandemia, em uma amostra representativa de brasileiros adultos com 50 anos ou mais, participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil), que responderam à entrevista telefônica sobre a COVID-19 entre o final de maio e o início de junho de 2020. Entre os participantes, 10,4% informaram ter tido febre, tosse seca ou dificuldades para respirar nos 30 dias anteriores à entrevista telefônica, com maior prevalência na Região Norte (50%). Entre aqueles com qualquer um desses sintomas, somente 33,6% haviam procurado por assistência em saúde;esta proporção foi ainda menor nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Cerca de 1 entre 6 participantes havia cancelado cirurgias ou outros procedimentos anteriormente agendados;esta proporção foi maior entre as mulheres, entre aqueles com escolaridade mais alta e entre aqueles com múltiplas doenças crônicas. Este trabalho está entre os primeiros a examinar as consequências da epidemia da COVID-19 no uso de serviços de saúde entre brasileiros mais velhos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de adaptação da oferta da atenção à saúde para garantir a continuidade dos cuidados necessários durante a epidemia (como telemedicina, por exemplo), bem como a necessidade urgente de ampla divulgação para orientar a população sobre a prevenção da doença e como obter atenção em saúde em caso de necessidade.

Prevalence and characteristics of Brazilians aged 50 and over that received a doctors diagnosis of COVID-19: the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over half a million deaths worldwide. Brazil has been particularly impacted, registering more than 1.3 million infections and 57,000 deaths by late June 2020. Aggregate numbers of cases are essential in modeling the epidemic and planning responses;however, more detailed analysis of risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are needed. Our study provides an initial examination of characteristics associated with receiving a doctor's diagnosis of COVID-19 among a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 and over. Data are derived from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) and a telephone follow-up survey to ELSI-Brazil participants, known as the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative. The telephone survey was conducted between 26 May and 8 June 2020. Results show that about 2.4% (n = 70) of the sample reported being told by a doctor they had COVID-19, however, only about half of these individuals (n = 37) reported receiving a diagnostic confirmation from viral testing (RT-PCR). Demographic factors (aged 50-60 years), socioeconomic factors (lower household income), health-related factors (obesity, three or more chronic conditions), and geography (living in the Northern region of the country) were positively associated with reporting a COVID-19 diagnosis. Despite the descriptive and preliminary nature of these findings, results reported here suggest the need for more targeted approaches to enhance personal protection and provide greater viral testing options, especially for older, sicker and more vulnerable adults in Brazil. Resumen: El síndrome respiratorio agudo grave coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ha causado más de medio millón de muertes en todo el mundo. Brasil se ha visto particularmente afectado, registrando más de 1,3 millones de infecciones y 57.000 muertes hasta finales de junio 2020. Mientras las cifras globales del número de casos son esenciales en el modelado de la epidemia y en la planificación de respuestas, existe la necesidad de un análisis más detallado del riesgo de factores asociados con la infección de SARS-CoV-2. Este estudio proporciona un examen inicial de características asociadas, al recibir el diagnóstico de COVID-19 por parte del médico, entre una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de brasileños con 50 años o más. Los datos procedían de la segunda serie del Estudio Brasileño Longitudinal del Envejecimiento (ELSI-Brasil) y una encuesta telefónica de seguimiento a los participantes en el ELSI-Brasil, conocida como la iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19. La encuesta telefónica fue administrada del 26 mayo al 8 junio 2020. Los resultados muestran que sobre un 2,4% (n = 70) de la muestra informó que su médico les comunicó que tenían COVID-19, pese a que solo aproximadamente la mitad de estos individuos (n = 37) informaron haber recibido un diagnóstico de confirmación con un test viral (RT-PCR). Los factores demográficos (edad entre 50-60 años), factores socioeconómicos (ingresos por hogar más bajos), factores relacionados con la salud (obesidad, tres o más enfermedades crónicas), y geografía (residentes en las regiones del norte del país) estuvieron todos positivamente asociados con un diagnóstico de COVID-19. A pesar de la naturaleza descriptiva y preliminar de estos hallazgos, los resultados obtenidos aquí sugieren la necesidad de enfoques más específicos para mejorar la protección personal y proporcionar mejores opciones de test virales, especialmente para los adultos mayores más vulnerables y más enfermos en Brasil. Resumo: A síndrome respiratória aguda grave coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) já causou mais de meio milhão de mortes em todo o mundo. O Brasil foi particularmente afetado, registrando mais de 1,3 milhão de infecções e 57 mil mortes no final de junho de 2020. Embora o número agregado de casos seja essencial na modelagem da epidemia e no planejamento de respostas sanitárias, uma análise mais detalhada dos fatores de risco associados à infecção também é necessária. Este estudo fornece uma visão inicial das características associadas ao recebimento do diagnóstico médico de COVID-19 em uma amostra nacionalmente representativa de brasileiros com 50 anos ou mais. Os dados são derivados da segunda onda do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil) e de uma pesquisa de acompanhamento por telefone aos participantes do ELSI-Brasil, conhecida como iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19. A pesquisa por telefone foi administrada entre 26 de maio e 8 de junho de 2020. Os resultados mostram que cerca de 2,4% (n = 70) dos participantes relataram ter sido informados por seu médico que tinham COVID-19, mesmo que apenas a metade desses indivíduos (n = 37) relatou ter recebido uma confirmação diagnosticada por teste viral. Fatores demográficos (idade entre 50-60 anos), fatores socioeconômicos (renda familiar mais baixa), fatores relacionados à saúde (obesidade, três ou mais condições crônicas) e geografia (viver na região norte do país) foram associados positivamente com um diagnóstico de COVID-19. Apesar da natureza descritiva e preliminar aqui descrita, os resultados sugerem a necessidade de abordagens mais direcionadas para aumentar a proteção pessoal e fornecer mais opções de teste viral, especialmente para adultos mais velhos, mais doentes e mais vulneráveis &#8203;&#8203;no Brasil.

Prevalence and characteristics of Brazilians aged 50 and over that received a doctor's diagnosis of COVID-19: the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over half a million deaths worldwide. Brazil has been particularly impacted, registering more than 1.3 million infections and 57,000 deaths by late June 2020. Aggregate numbers of cases are essential in modeling the epidemic and planning responses; however, more detailed analysis of risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection are needed. Our study provides an initial examination of characteristics associated with receiving a doctor's diagnosis of COVID-19 among a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 and over. Data are derived from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) and a telephone follow-up survey to ELSI-Brazil participants, known as the ELSI-COVID-19 initiative. The telephone survey was conducted between 26 May and 8 June 2020. Results show that about 2.4% (n = 70) of the sample reported being told by a doctor they had COVID-19, however, only about half of these individuals (n = 37) reported receiving a diagnostic confirmation from viral testing (RT-PCR). Demographic factors (aged 50-60 years), socioeconomic factors (lower household income), health-related factors (obesity, three or more chronic conditions), and geography (living in the Northern region of the country) were positively associated with reporting a COVID-19 diagnosis. Despite the descriptive and preliminary nature of these findings, results reported here suggest the need for more targeted approaches to enhance personal protection and provide greater viral testing options, especially for older, sicker and more vulnerable adults in Brazil.